Homework: Iteration

1. (This is from Review Exercise R4.1 at the end of Chapter 4 of Java for Everyone.) Assume variables SimpleWriter out and int n are already declared in each case. Write a separate while loop for each of the following tasks:
   1. Print all squares less than n. For example, if n is 100, print 0 1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81.
   2. Print all positive numbers that are divisible by 10 and less than n. For example, if n is 100, print 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90.
   3. Print all powers of two less than n. For example, if n is 100, print 1 2 4 8 16 32 64.
2. (The first four of these are from Review Exercise R4.3 at the end of Chapter 4 of Java for Everyone). Using the kind of tracing tables discussed in Writing and Tracing Loops, provide tracing tables for these loops:

   1. int i = 0, j = 10, n = 0;
      while (i < j) {
          i++;
          j--;
          n++;
      }
      

   2. int i = 0, j = 0, n = 0;
      while (i < 10) {
          i++;
          n = n + i + j;
          j++;
      }
      

   3. int i = 10, j = 0, n = 0;
      while (i > 0) {
          i--;
          j++;
          n = n + i - j;
      }
      

   4. int i = 0, j = 10, n = 0;
      while (i != j) {
          i = i + 2;
          j = j - 2;
          n++;
      }
      

   5. int i = 3, j = 4, n = 0;
      while (i != 0) {
          n += j;
          i--;
      }
      

3. (This is from Review Exercise R4.15 at the end of Chapter 4 of Java for Everyone.) Rewrite the following for loop into a while loop.

   int s = 0;
   for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
      s = s + i;
   }
   

4. Given variables int n and double pi, write a snippet of code that assigns to pi the approximation of π resulting from adding the first n terms in the Gregory-Leibniz series:

   `pi=4sum_(i=0)^infty (-1)^i/(2i+1)=4(1/1-1/3+1/5-1/7+...)`

5. Given variables int areaBound and int sum, write a snippet of code that assigns to sum the result of adding up all integers of the form n² + m² where:
   • both n and m are at least 1, and
   • n² < areaBound , and
   • m² < areaBound .

Additional Questions

1. Modify the loop to approximate pi with the Gregory-Leibniz series so that, instead of adding a given number of terms, it keeps adding terms until the difference between two consecutive estimates is less than some predefined tolerance, say double epsilon = 0.0001.